Tor — это незаменимый инструмент для тех, кого волнует конфиденциальность при серфинге в Сети. Многие полагают, что для полной анонимности достаточно просто загрузить пакет браузера Tor из интернета и запустить. Это не. При работе в интернете стоит учитывать, что существуют некие паттерны так называемого неправильного поведения, которые могут раскрыть вашу реальную личность и местоположение даже при серфинге через Tor. Мы попробуем поближе познакомиться с сетью Tor и выработать некоторые механизмы взаимодействия с этой сетью для того, чтобы сохранять нашу конфиденциальность. Итак, сеть Tor создана серверами, которыми управляют добровольцы.
It is not always possible to ensure safety and anonymity online by using a VPN - in this case, we have to look for alternative technologies. The TOR browser, which has long been a symbol of freedom on the Internet, is just such a technology, and the number of its users is actively growing every day. TOR The Onion Router is a network of proxy servers, thanks to which several layers of data encryption are created, in the network it is commonly called "onion routing".
Many people think that Tor and VPN are the same thing. In fact, they are completely different technologies that only perform the same function, but do it in different ways. Neither the ISP nor the site you are visiting can get any information about you - the latter will only see the IP of the destination host. Interestingly, the development of TOR belongs to the U. Navy, which originally created it to protect negotiations in various intelligence operations.
Later the source code of the program was laid out with a free license and many programmers have managed to check it for errors or any bookmarks by this time. TOR code is absolutely clean and safe, and since TOR-browser appeared, which clothed the unique technology in a simple and user-friendly form.
As a result of TOR being a network of nodes, it cannot be blocked completely, even if the authorities wish to do so. However, some states may prohibit its use, and violators of such laws will face severe penalties. In Runet, after the initiative on the so-called "sovereign Internet", there was repeated information that the use of the TOR network, anonymizers and VPN-services would be banned.
At the moment, there are no bans on the use of TOR at the legislative level in the Russian Federation. You can use the anonymous network to access the Internet and you will not be punished for it, as long as you are not breaking the law. But if you use TOR to do any shady business, then if you are found out, you will have to answer to the full extent of the law.
Before we tell you how to use Tor Browser, you will learn where the browser can be downloaded from and how to install it on your PC. Although TOR is a non-profit network, it has an organization that oversees and develops the project and also has an official website where the browser can be downloaded for free.
To download, go to the official website of the browser and select " Download Tor Browser ". After that, choose one of the presented versions to download - as you can see, you can install the browser on different operating systems. Click on it, and then you will be prompted to select your language. Then select the folder to install Thor via the " Browse " button and click " Install ". After installation is complete, the browser will be ready to use.
Immediately after its completion, a window will appear, in which you will be prompted to immediately connect to the Tor network or perform certain settings, if necessary. If you do not live in Egypt, China or Turkey, where it is forbidden to work with the network, then immediately press the " Connect " button. It will take some time to connect and you will be notified of the progress by a green light.
After connecting to the network, you will see the familiar Firefox browser interface, with the search bar right in the center of the start page. In the right corner you will see an onion, which means that the connection to the Tor network is done, and next to it you will see an image of a shield.
Clicking on it will show you what your security level is, by default it will be standard. To increase the security level click on " Advanced Security Settings ". By disabling some advanced features, you can improve the security of your browser. To do this, select the " More secure " or " Most secure " features. However, if you do so, the sites will be less convenient to use. After that, return to the home page where you can type the site you want or search for the information you want in the search box.
The first time you search, the browser will ask you if you want to increase security by changing the search language to English. Agree if we want to increase security, or decline if it is more convenient to work in Russian. You will then be presented with the search results. For those who have previously used Mozilla Firefox browser, using TOR will be very easy, because it is created just on the basis of this well-known browser.
You can check if your data is really encrypted on any service that offers to find out your IP address. In its opinion, you will obviously be in a different country than the one you actually are in. Tor will, at its own discretion, change your IP address to the IP address of any other country where the final network node is located. Each time you visit the network, that address will change, as will the entire chain of nodes before it. To do this, you need to make some settings.
Specifying another country code in brackets, you can specify the parameters you need. Опции по умолчанию, в большинстве случаев, лучше пользовательских, но никто не запрещает для вас внести конфигурации в работу системы. Не волнуйтесь, ежели на соединение пригодится больше времени. Длительность ожидания зависит от удаления страны от серверов проекта. Для смены страны в Тор Браузере придется залезть в системные файлы, но внести нужные конфигурации там просто.
Довольно следовать нашей аннотации и препядствия обойдут вас стороной. А для отмены конфигураций просто удалите ранее добавленную строчку из документа torrc. Ваш адресок email не будет размещен. Содержание Аннотация Смена геолокации Заключение.
Many would view it as unethical if you were to cause even more strain on an already struggling network just so you can watch Game of Thrones. Changing your country codes involves a slightly different setup for each system, but once you have done that, the country coding process is the same. The first step to changing the country codes in Tor is to download and install the browser. Before you start modifying the codes, you need to make sure that you have run Tor at least once beforehand.
This makes the torrc file appear, which you need for changing the nodes that Tor is running through. Once the installation is complete, you will need to double click the Tor icon to open the browser, then hit Connect in the screen that pops up.
Once you have connected, the torrc file will be available, and you can move on with the rest of the process as follows. Regular Tor users and those new users who have just connected Tor for the first time can get started by looking for the torrc file.
To find it, double click on the Browser folder , then double click on the TorBrowser folder inside that. In the TorBrowser folder, there is another folder called Data. Double click on it. Here, you will see another folder called Tor. Double click on it as well. This brings you to the torrc file :. Double click on the torrc file to open it. In the window that appears, it will ask you to choose which program you want to open the file with.
Select Notepad which will bring up the following window:. Just like with Windows, you need to make sure that you have run Tor at least once beforehand for the torrc file to appear. Once it has been set up, open the browser and click Connect. Once Tor has been connected at least once, you will need to find the torrc file. First, head to the Go tab, then click on Go to Menu , which appears in the submenu:. Once you are inside the folder, locate the torrc file. Double click on it, then select TextEdit from the Open With options:.
From this point, you can move ahead to the section named Putting the Tor country codes into the text editor. Before you begin, you will need to have set up Tor and run it at least once. Open the browser, then click connect, so that the torrc file will appear. Once this has been done, you can locate the torrc file by opening the Tor Browser folder, then heading from the Browser subfolder to TorBrowser , then to Browser , and then finally to the Tor folder.
Open the torrc file with your usual text editor to bring up the file. This is where you will be able to add in your desired country codes. It will look much the same as the Notepad and TextEdit files shown in the Windows and Mac sections above, respectively.
Once you have done this, you can move onto the next section. Head to the following link at SCCM Rookie to find the codes for the countries you want to connect through. As an example, the country code for Argentina is ar , while the code for Bangladesh is bd. For other country codes, scroll through the page linked above. Once you have found the country codes you are looking for, head back to the Notepad file for Windows , Text Edit file for Mac , or whichever text editor you used if you are changing your country codes in Linux , that we opened before.
The EntryNodes code specifies which entry nodes you would like Tor to use. The ExitNodes code does the same, but for exit nodes. Be aware that under these settings, Tor can still use nodes in other countries between the entry and exit. If Tor cannot connect properly using any of the specified entry and exit nodes, it will revert to other nodes, which could force your data to travel through undesirable locations.
See the Other useful Tor country codes section at the end of the article if you want to see some other options. These include codes that can be used to exclude nodes, and those that can force Tor to only use certain nodes, even if that means that the connection will otherwise fail. Now that you have altered and saved the torrc file , launch your Tor Browser. Go to the website of your choice. In this case, we will head to Wikipedia. To the left of the URL, you will see a small icon with an i in a circle:.
Click on it to see the circuit that your connection is making. If you have done things correctly and Tor can connect through the selected countries, you will see that your traffic is using your chosen entry and exit nodes. In this case, the Tor connection is running through Germany and the Netherlands.
As you can see, changing the country codes in Tor is a simple process, allowing you to spoof your location easily. For further details see these questions and answers about user statistics. Start date:. End date:. Show possible censorship events if available: Off On: both points and expected range On: points only, no expected range.
Download data as CSV. Learn more about the CSV data format or how to reproduce the graph data. The following events have been manually collected in the metrics-timeline Git repository and might be related to the displayed graph. Any opinions, finding, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author s and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Data on this site is freely available under a CC0 no copyright declaration : To the extent possible under law, the Tor Project has waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights in the data.
You have the ability to whitelist all node types which is to say you can make sure that your entire Tor circuit only uses a certain country. This is NOT recommended of course. An ideal circuit will cross countries and legal jurisdictions. Tor is making some changes to compensate for this in the future.
Knowing this can be useful in one of two ways. Second, and more interestingly, some poorly configured firewalls will automatically drop connections from certain countries. Hacking problem solved! Sign up. Trademark, copyright notices, and rules for use by third parties can be found in our FAQ.
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